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Battle of Peonnum
The Battle of Peonnum was fought about AD 660 between the West Saxons under Cenwalh and the Britons of what is now Somerset in England.〔"Allowing again for the slight chronological inaccuracy of the Chronicle across these years, this event may he dated c. 660. The annal implies that by this date Cenwealh dominated the Saxons of Wiltshire and beyond." Kirby, D. B. ''The Earliest English Kings'' Routledge; Revised Edition (30 April 2000) ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0 p.47〕 It was a decisive victory for the Saxons, who gained control of Somerset as far west as the River Parrett. The location of the battle is uncertain.
==Saxon conquest==
The border between the West Saxons and the Britons of Somerset had been set at the Wansdyke along the ridge of the Mendip Hills following the Battle of Deorham and the Saxon occupation of Bath in 577.〔Major, p. 44.〕 Then, in 652, Cenwalh broke through at the Battle of Bradford on Avon.〔
Relief for the Britons came when Cenwalh was exiled to East Anglia after a squabble with Penda of Mercia.〔Bede, ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'', Book III, chapter 7.〕 Some time after his return he renewed the attack on the British tribes and in 658 his army met the Britons for a climactic battle at Peonnum. The Saxons were victorious, and Cenwalh advanced west through the Polden Hills to the River Parrett, annexing eastern and central Somerset. The territory gained was modest in size; Geoffrey Ashe suggests that Cenwalh's ultimate goal may have been gaining control over the valuable Glastonbury Abbey within it.〔Ashe, p. 279〕
The border remained at the Parrett until 681–685, when Centwine of Wessex defeated King Cadwaladr of Gwynedd and his local allies, allowing them to occupy the rest of Somerset west and north to the Bristol Channel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=War Tourist )〕 West Saxon rule was consolidated and extended into Devon by King Ina.〔''The Victoria History of the County of Somerset'', Vol 1 (1906)〕
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